Suzanne Lee Photographer

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  • Karimuddin (right), a pump mechanic, poses for a portrait in the Muradnagar Community Health Centre (CHC) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. A muslim man, he has gone against his religious social norms to be one of the few muslims who have had permanent sterilization for family planning. He has chosen to do a Non-Scalpel Vasectomy (NSV) instead of his wife going through a Tubectomy because he says he is well informed since he works next to the health centre. He has one daughter and two sons. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Karimuddin (right), a pump mechanic, poses for a portrait in his workshop next to the Muradnagar Community Health Centre (CHC) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. A muslim man, he has gone against his religious social norms to be one of the few muslims who have had permanent sterilization for family planning. He has chosen to do a Non-Scalpel Vasectomy (NSV) instead of his wife going through a Tubectomy because he says he is well informed since he works next to the health centre. He has one daughter and two sons. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Sitara's (aged 35, unseen) 7 children (5 daughters & 2 sons) cook for the breaking of fast during the month of Ramadhan and take care of each other in their small house in a village in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. "I wish that I could stop getting pregnant but our religion says that children are a gift of God." says Sitara, an illiterate muslim lady whose husband works as a vegetable vendor in the local village market. They have resisted all advises of permanent sterilization from the local village-level health workers. Children from left to right : Ajman (5), Rani (7), Chandni (14), Roshni (10), Tamanna (8 months), Asif (3), and Sufia (8). Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Sitara's (aged 35, unseen) 7 children (5 daughters & 2 sons) cook for the breaking of fast during the month of Ramadhan and take care of each other in their small house in a village in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. "I wish that I could stop getting pregnant but our religion says that children are a gift of God." says Sitara, an illiterate muslim lady whose husband works as a vegetable vendor in the local village market. They have resisted all advises of permanent sterilization from the local village-level health workers. Children from left to right : Ajman (5), Rani (7), Chandni (14), Roshni (10), Tamanna (8 months), Asif (3), and Sufia (8). Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Sitara (aged 35, 2nd from left), sits with her 7 children (5 daughters & 2 sons) as she breastfeeds her 8 month old baby girl in a village in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. "I wish that I could stop getting pregnant but our religion says that children are a gift of God." Sitara is an illiterate muslim lady whose husband works as a vegetable vendor in the local village market. They have resisted all advises of permanent sterilization from the local village-level health workers. Children from left to right : Roshni (10), Tamanna (8 months), Chandni (14), Sufia (8), Asif (3), Ajman (5), and Rani (7). Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Sitara's (aged 35, unseen) children Ajman (5, centre bottom), Roshni (10, girl in blue), and Tamanna (8 months, baby) stand with their neighbours outside their house in a village in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. "I wish that I could stop getting pregnant but our religion says that children are a gift of God." says Sitara, an illiterate muslim lady whose husband works as a vegetable vendor in the local village market. They have resisted all advises of permanent sterilization from the local village-level health workers. In India, male children are preferred and wives are often pressured heavily into trying for more male children immediately after finding out that their newborns are female. Sex determination ultrasounds are illegal in India due to high female foeticide cases. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Sitara (aged 35, extreme left), sits with her 7 children (5 daughters & 2 sons) as she breastfeeds her 8 month old baby girl in a village in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. "I wish that I could stop getting pregnant but our religion says that children are a gift of God." Sitara is an illiterate muslim lady whose husband works as a vegetable vendor in the local village market. They have resisted all advises of permanent sterilization from the local village-level health workers. Children from left to right : Sufia (8), Asif (3), and Rani (7). Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, right) in his room as his child studies in their house in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (unseen) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan has been the star link worker, doing about 5 cases of NSV cases per month since he started. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Vikasendu Agarwal, the paediatrician of the Muradnagar Community Health Centre (CHC), poses for a portrait in the paediatrics ward of the CHC in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. He says that "Bigger incentives should be given to women to have a tubectomy done after 2 children instead of the current plan of giving incentives for every child born institutionally as the in most cases,money goes directly to the household instead of the mother's healthcare defeating the very purpose of this incentive. The growth-rate between different socio-cultural population groups in the region are drastically different due to lack of awareness of the benefits of family planning in certain groups". Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Tribal families live in dire poverty in their hamlet, Baul ka Dhera, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R) Amit (13), Dharma (18, soon to be married), Akanksha (8), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), Kelaji Adivasi (45), and Vinita's (23, married when 14, has 3 children) baby. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28, right) and her brother-in-law's wife Monika Devi (22, left) sit in their house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • A shopkeeper (man in blue) is interested in NSV after reading the leaflets. Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, unseen) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (lady in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) and his family in their home in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (unseen) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan has been the star link worker, doing about 5 cases of NSV cases per month since he started. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Seema Gupta (aged 34, foreground) poses for a portrait while her sons play in the room in her shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seema Gupta had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while her husband, Ramesh Chandra Gupta (38), wasn't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • One of Seema Gupta's children plays in their shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seema Gupta, aged 34 (unseen), had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while her husband, Ramesh Chandra Gupta, aged 38 (unseen), wasn't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R) Amit (13), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), Dharma (18, soon to be married), Vinita (23, married when 14, has 3 children), Vinita's baby, Kelaji Adivasi (45), and Akanksha (8) stand in the doorway of their house. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R) Amit (13), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), Dharma (18, soon to be married), Vinita (23, married when 14, has 3 children), Vinita's baby, Kelaji Adivasi (45), and Akanksha (8) stand in the doorway of their house. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Like many others, a woman cares for her grandchildren and their mother in the corridors of the Karchana Community Health Centre (CHC) in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. India's health system is in dire overload situations with the developing country growing at a rate of 8.2 percent. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • USAID NSV Project head for Ghaziabad Dr Meenal Mehta (extreme left) and part time link worker Jagroshan Sharma (4th from left) defend themselves after being accused by a villager (lady with face covered) in Shahpurjat Village, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, of duping her husband (2nd from right) into getting the NSV done for the incentive money of INR 1100 and getting him drunk to steal the money 2 weeks ago. Dr. Meenal suspects that the husband had done it without being referred by a link worker and had spent the money, causing the wife to try to get a second payment by shaming the project. The project often faces such petty politics and issues at the village level. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28) sits in her house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika, her brother-in-law's wife, is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28) sits for a portrait in her house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika, her brother-in-law's wife, is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family is a happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Ajay Singh (right) talks of the importance of family planning with Dr. Meenal Mehta (unseen) as he cares for 2 of his grand children in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While his elder daughter-in-law has had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, his younger daughter-in-law is still pushing for a son after having 2 daughters so far. Ajay has even suggested that his two daughter-in-laws exchange a daughter for a son in order to solve the issue of his younger daughter-in-law's desire for a son. USAID NSV project part time link worker Radhey Shyam (aged 44, top left) listens. Radhey has just received his 'no sperm certificate' today 1.5 months after his NSV. He has 4 children and is very happy about his decision to have an NSV. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • A shopkeeper (man in blue) is interested in NSV after reading the leaflets. Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, unseen) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (lady in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, unseen) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, background (in grey) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) discusses work with Dr. Meenal Mehta (in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, as they wait for a shared rickshaw to leave the village. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) and his family in their home in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (unseen) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan has been the star link worker, doing about 5 cases of NSV cases per month since he started. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) and his family in their home in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (unseen) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan has been the star link worker, doing about 5 cases of NSV cases per month since he started. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, top left) and his family in their home in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (unseen) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan has been the star link worker, doing about 5 cases of NSV cases per month since he started. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, centre) sits with his family as they speak with Dr. Meenal Mehta in their house in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in  English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (extreme right) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. She is well reputed to be responsible for the increased NSV acceptance in Ghaziabad and Bulandshar districts. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Seema Gupta's children aged 8 and 10 watch television in their shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seema Gupta, aged 34 (unseen), had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while her husband, Ramesh Chandra Gupta, aged 38 (unseen), wasn't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Hari Dutt Nemi, Chief Medical Superintendent (CMS) of Muradnagar in his office in the Muradnagar Community Health Centre (CHC) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Shirish Jain, Deputy Chief Medical Officer (CMO) of the Ghaziabad District, sits for a portrait in his office in * Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R)  Kelaji Adivasi (45), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), Vinita (23, married when 14, has 3 children), and Vinita's baby stand in their house as Vinita visits the tribal hamlet. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28, left) and her brother-in-law's wife Monika Devi (22, right) stand in their house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • A villager (with bicycle) resists the idea of family planning because 'the world will end with a flood in year 2012 and if my children do not survive, I will need to reproduce' when Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, extreme right) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (lady in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, 2nd from left) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (unseen), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Another link worker, Radhey Shyam (aged 44, extreme left) looks on. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, background (in grey) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, background (in grey) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Seema Gupta (aged 34, foreground) poses for a portrait while her sons play in the room in her shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seema Gupta had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while her husband, Ramesh Chandra Gupta (38), wasn't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Seema Gupta (aged 34, far left) and Ramesh Chandra Gupta (38) pose for a family portrait in their shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seema Gupta had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while her husband, Ramesh Chandra Gupta, wasn't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Seema Gupta's children aged 8 and 10 play in their shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seema Gupta, aged 34 (unseen), had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while her husband, Ramesh Chandra Gupta, aged 38 (unseen), wasn't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Vikasendu Agarwal, the paediatrician of the Muradnagar Community Health Centre (CHC), checks on a newborn in the paediatrics ward of the CHC in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. He says that "Bigger incentives should be given to women to have a tubectomy done after 2 children instead of the current plan of giving incentives for every child born institutionally as the in most cases,money goes directly to the household instead of the mother's healthcare defeating the very purpose of this incentive. The growth-rate between different socio-cultural population groups in the region are drastically different due to lack of awareness of the benefits of family planning in certain groups". Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Sanjay Agarwal, Deputy Chief Medical Officer (CMO) of the Ghaziabad District, sits for a portrait in his office, a barren room furnished only by an empty table and a cabinet, in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R) Amit (13), Kelaji Adivasi (45), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), Akanksha (8), Vinita (23, married when 14, has 3 children), Vinita's baby, and Dharma (18, soon to be married), pose for a family portrait in their house in a tribal hamlet. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • A boy stands next to a religious space in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, where the villagers pray to the Shiva Lingam, the stone phallus coupled with the base of the 'yoni' (representing female genitalia), are a symbol of fertility in Hinduism. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Children study in a village childcare centre and school (anganwadi) in Shahpurjat village in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%.  Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) and his family in their home in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (unseen) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan has been the star link worker, doing about 5 cases of NSV cases per month since he started. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Seema Gupta (aged 34, far left) and Ramesh Chandra Gupta (38) pose for a family portrait in their shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seema Gupta had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while her husband, Ramesh Chandra Gupta, wasn't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Vikasendu Agarwal, the paediatrician of the Muradnagar Community Health Centre (CHC), poses for a portrait in the paediatrics ward of the CHC in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. He says that "Bigger incentives should be given to women to have a tubectomy done after 2 children instead of the current plan of giving incentives for every child born institutionally as the in most cases,money goes directly to the household instead of the mother's healthcare defeating the very purpose of this incentive. The growth-rate between different socio-cultural population groups in the region are drastically different due to lack of awareness of the benefits of family planning in certain groups". Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R) Kelaji Adivasi (45), Dharma (18, soon to be married), and Akanksha (8) stand in their house in a tribal hamlet. Kelaji's husband, Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28) sits for a portrait in her house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika, her brother-in-law's wife, is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R) Dharma (18, soon to be married), Akanksha (8), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), Kelaji Adivasi (45), and Vinita's (23, married when 14, has 3 children) baby. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R) Dr. Suresh Dwivedi, Chief Medical Superintendent (CMS) of the Allahabad District, and Dr. Najmi Rehman, Principal of the Regional Family Planning Training Centre, pose for a portrait together in Dr. Dwivedi's office in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28) sits in her house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika, her brother-in-law's wife, is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) and his family in their home in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (unseen) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan has been the star link worker, doing about 5 cases of NSV cases per month since he started. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, centre) sits with his family as they speak with Dr. Meenal Mehta in their house in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in  English medium schools despite his modest earnings. He now works part time as a link worker under the tutelage of Dr Meenal Mehta (extreme right) who works with USAID on the NSV project in Uttar Pradesh, India. She is well reputed to be responsible for the increased NSV acceptance in Ghaziabad and Bulandshar districts. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Ramesh Chandra Gupta (aged 38, left) poses for a portrait outside his shophouse in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. His wife, Seema Gupta (aged 34) had a tubectomy done on 9 June 2011 for family planning while they weren't aware of the option and benefits of non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV). They run a roadside sweets shop at the front of their house and chose to have a family planning surgery done as they did not want to compromise the quality of life for their two children. While Ramesh wanted only 1 child, both his mother and Seema pushed for a 2nd child. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R)  Dharma (18, soon to be married), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), and Kelaji Adivasi (45) stand in their house in a tribal village. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • USAID NSV Project head for Ghaziabad Dr Meenal Mehta (left) and part time link worker Jagroshan Sharma (3rd from left) defend themselves after being accused by a villager (lady with face covered) in Shahpurjat Village, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, of duping her husband (unseen) into getting the NSV done for the incentive money of INR 1100 and getting him drunk to steal the money 2 weeks ago. Dr. Meenal suspects that the husband had done it without being referred by a link worker and had spent the money, causing the wife to try to get a second payment by shaming the project. The project often faces such petty politics and issues at the village level. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28) sits in her house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika, her brother-in-law's wife, is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • A village elder (2nd from left) angrily asks Dr. Mehta why they are only 'approaching Hindus and not the Muslims' about NSV and family planning drives. Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, unseen) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (unseen), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, in grey) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (L-R)  Dharma (18, soon to be married), Amit (13), Akanksha (8), Tribhuvan Adivasi (50), Kelaji Adivasi (45), Vinita (23, married when 14, has 3 children), and Vinita's baby. Tribhuvan, a farm labourer, says that "it was a mistake to have so many children. Food is difficult for us." Kelaji and Tribhuvan have a total of 6 children and live in poverty in Baul ka Dhera hamlet, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Tribal families live in dire poverty in their hamlet, Baul ka Dhera, Mugari Village, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Local villagers ride their bicycles past vast paddy fields in the countryside near Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Allahabad, a poorer district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is the most populated district of the most populous state of India. While Ghaziabad, located close to India's capital city, Delhi, has a population of 4,661,452 with a sex ratio of 878 girls against every 1000 boys, and a high literary percentage of 85%, Allahabad, has a population of 5,959,798 and a sex ratio of 902 girls against every 1000 boys and a literacy rate of 74.41%. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Suresh Dwivedi, Chief Medical Superintendent (CMS) of the Allahabad District, poses for a portrait in his office in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Najmi Rehman, Principal of the Regional Family Planning Training Centre, poses for a portrait in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London.
    Suzanne20110806-Panos-Allahabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28, right) and her brother-in-law's wife Monika Devi (22, 2nd from left) in their house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28) sits in her house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika, her brother-in-law's wife, is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28) sits in her house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika, her brother-in-law's wife, is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Shashi Devi (aged 28, right) and her brother-in-law's wife Monika Devi (22, background) in their house in the village of Shahpurjat, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. While Shashi had a tubectomy done after having 2 sons, Monika is still trying for a son after having 2 daughters. Shashi did the operation because she wanted to "give her 2 children the best and inflation will make things difficult", and she believes that a "small family = happy family". She has been pushing Monika to get her husband to do an NSV so that Monika's life is not endangered since her previous pregnancies have been complicated. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • USAID NSV project part time link worker Radhey Shyam (aged 44, centre) praises the procedure as he shows off his 'no sperm certificate', which he received today, 1.5 months after his NSV (7 June 2011). He has 4 children and is very happy about his decision to have an NSV. He decided to do NSV after being approached by Jagroshan Sharma, another part time link worker who works under the tutelage of Dr. Meenal Mehta of USAID. He did NSV because he didn't want his wife to have to spend 3 months in recuperation after a tubectomy as the household chores will be neglected. He also did it because he was spending a lot of money on condoms. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • USAID NSV project part time link worker Radhey Shyam (aged 44) shows off his 'no sperm certificate', which he received today, 1.5 months after his NSV (7 June 2011). He has 4 children and is very happy about his decision to have an NSV. He decided to do NSV after being approached by Jagroshan Sharma, another part time link worker who works under the tutelage of Dr. Meenal Mehta of USAID. He did NSV because he didn't want his wife to have to spend 3 months in recuperation after a tubectomy as the household chores will be neglected. He also did it because he was spending a lot of money on condoms. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • (Sitting left to right) Part time link workers Radhey Shyam (44) and Jagroshan Sharma (36) speak with their leader Dr. Meenal Mehta (lady in blue), the Project head of the USAID NSV project in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, as they approach random villagers from Shahpurjat village to promote awareness on NSV. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Jagroshan Sharma (aged 36, extreme right) approaches random villagers from Shahpurjat village with Dr. Meenal Mehta (lady in blue), who is in charge of the USAID NSV projects in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. After doing NSV himself, he has been a star link worker introducing about 5 NSV cases per month since he started working part time under the tutelage of Dr Mehta. Jagroshan had chosen to do a non-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) for many reasons. He wanted to be an equal partner in the relationship, knew that NSV was less complicated and will not put his wife through numerous problems, and wants his two children to do well in life and study in English medium schools despite his modest earnings. Another link worker, Radhey Shyam (aged 44, 2nd from left) looks on. Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • Dr. Vikasendu Agarwal, the paediatrician of the Muradnagar Community Health Centre (CHC), checks on a newborn in the paediatrics ward of the CHC in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. He says that "Bigger incentives should be given to women to have a tubectomy done after 2 children instead of the current plan of giving incentives for every child born institutionally as the in most cases,money goes directly to the household instead of the mother's healthcare defeating the very purpose of this incentive. The growth-rate between different socio-cultural population groups in the region are drastically different due to lack of awareness of the benefits of family planning in certain groups". Photo by Suzanne Lee / Panos London
    Suzanne20110725-Panos-Ghaziabad-Fami...JPG
  • A nurse takes blood samples from an Indian woman at the reception area of the Akanksha Infertility Clinic in the town of Anand, Gujarat, India...The Akanksha Infertility Clinic in Anand, Gujarat, India, is known internationally for its surrogacy program and currently has over a hundred surrogate mothers pregnant in their environmentally controlled surrogate houses.
    Suzanne20110510-Surrogacy-Gujarat-03...JPG
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